Terminology for the oil industry

National standard of the People's Republic of China - fats and oil industry glossary and glossary 22 March 2002 4.2.3 glycerine glycerine is a non-smelly, colorless, sweet, viscous liquid. 4.2.4 lipid lipid content which is also called "fat-soluble objects", that can dissolve in grease and dissolving grease solvent in the material. For example: phospholipid, wax, sterol and its ester, fat soluble vitamins, pigments, etc. 4.2.5 grease concomitant accompaniment of oils and fats with three ester substances in oil products of gansu collectively, including lipid content and not

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National standard of the People's Republic of China -- grease industry terminology GB 8873-88

March 22, 2002

Glycerine glycerine glycerine is a odorless, colorless, sweet, sticky liquid.

4.2.4 lipid lipid content which is also called "fat-soluble objects", that can dissolve in grease and dissolving grease solvent in the material. For example: phospholipid, wax, sterol and its ester, fat soluble vitamins, pigments, etc.

4.2.5 grease concomitant accompaniment of oils and fats with three ester substances in oil products of gansu collectively, including lipid content and the lipid content (protein, sugar, water and other impurities).

A polymeric compound consisting of the condensation of hundreds of amino acid molecules.

4.2.7 carbohydrate is also called "carbohydrate". A group of polyhydroxyaldehydes or ketones composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and their condensates and some derivatives. Usually can be divided into monosaccharides, polysaccharides, etc.

Phosphoatide, short for phosolipid phosphoglyceride, is commonly found in plant seeds and animal tissues and is insoluble. The main forms are tallow and lecithin.

4.2.9 wax mainly refers to the ester synthesized by high monoalcohol and high fatty acid.

Sterol is also called "sterol". Cyclopentane amphiphiles containing hydroxyl groups.

A dark toxic polyphenol found in gossypol seeds that, under certain conditions, changes from free gossypol to modified gossypol or bound gossypol.

Light yellow viscous oily liquid with anti-sterility and anti-oxidation properties.

A substance that prevents or delays oxidative rancidity of oils and fats.

4.2.14 pigment pigment refers to itself with color and can make oil or grease with color material.

4.2.15 of saponification substance unsaponifiable matter grease is contained in cannot react with alkali substance. (eg high alcohols, waxes, etc.)

4.2.16 solid impurities solid impurities in the oil mixed with silt, embryo powder, fiber, grass clippings and other solid impurities.

4.2.17 fat-soluble impurities oil soluble impurities dissolved in one of the impurities in oil. (such as free fatty acids, pigments, sterols, vitamin E, hydrocarbons, etc.).

4.2.18 colloidal impurities mucilaginous impurities present in the fat protein, carbohydrate, resin, colloidal material such as mucus.

Fatty acids that have not yet been synthesized as esters in immature oil seeds and fatty acids that are in free state in oils produced by dampness, heating, lipidase action and oxidative decomposition of oils.

4.2.20 sediment, filtration of crude oil residue and return residue of oil pressing.

4.2.21 crude oil sediment after evaporation.

4.2.22 soapstock after alkali refining.

4.3 removal of solid impurities from crude oil by pre-purification of crude oil

4.3.1 the process by which solid particles suspended in the oil fall naturally and separate.

4.3.2 scraper settling tank clarifying tank which is also called "settling tank. Equipment for separating oil residue and automatically discharging slag.

4.3.3 spiral discharge sedimentation type centrifuge settling centrifuge main components for a high speed rotating drum and spiral propeller with a constant speed difference. A machine for the separation of oil residues by means of inertial centrifugal force.

The process of passing crude oil through the filter medium under gravity or power to remove solid impurities.

Equipment for separating oil and solid impurities under certain pressure.

4.3.6 plate-fram filter press is an oil filter device consisting of multiple filter plates and filter frames.

Chamber filter press is an oil filter with a number of panels with prominent edges on both sides to form a multi-chamber oil filter.

4.3.8 disc filter dise filter press an oil filter for intermittent filtration and mechanical slag removal consisting of a number of rotating wire mesh filter disks stacked on top of each other.

The body of the horizontal barrel is arranged with a number of vertical stainless steel metal mesh filter plate filtration equipment.

4.4 hydration is also known as "dephosphorization." Degumming "(degumming). The process of adding a certain amount of water, dilute salt, dilute alkali and other electrolyte solution to hot oil under agitation to promote the aggregation of colloidal impurities in the oil, precipitation and separation.

4.4.1 continuous hydration method for continuous hydration including mixing, reaction, and separation.

4.4.2 batch hydration and discontinuous hydration method.

The hydration tank is also known as the "hydration pot". A device for intermittent hydration of grease.

4.4.4 disc centrifuge disc centrifugal separator, disc centrifuge a inside the drum is equipped with a lot of the conical spiral fold up high-speed centrifuge, used for continuous separation oil (soap) feet or washing water equipment.

4.4.5 tubular centrifuge tubular bowl centrifuge drum shape of a pipe without hole hanging on the flexible shaft of high-speed centrifuge. There are two types of desoaping and dehydration.

4.4.6 let stand precipitation settling will hair oil after water placed in a certain temperature for a period of time, to ensure the full of phospholipids in oil of precipitation.

A process for removing small amounts of moisture still contained in hydrated clean oil under atmospheric pressure.

A mixture separated (or precipitated) from a hydration unit.

4.4.9 neutral oil recovery process to recover neutral oil contained in neutral oil (soap).

In the process of hydration or alkali refining, oil is hard to separate from phospholipid colloidal particles or soap particles due to improper operation.

A method of separating emulsion or colloidal solution by adding metal salts.

Degumming is a refining method in which a certain amount of acid is added to the crude oil to remove gel-soluble impurities such as proteins and mucus.

4.5.1 sulfuric acid degumming sulphuric acid degumming add sulfuric acid in oil degumming method.

4.5.2 acid refined acid - refining tank made of acid materials with a conical bottom cylindrical oil pan.

Degumming method by adding phosphoric acid to crude oil.

4.5.4 acid refining mixer acid - refining mixer with a stirring device and baffle plate in the form of a closed type mixer.

4.6 acid DE - acidification removal hair oil contained in the process of free fatty acid, acid method with alkali refining, steam distillation, solvent extraction, etc.

4.6.1 alkali refining caustic refining, alkali refining, alkali neutralization using caustic soda, soda ash and other classes and free fatty acid in the oil, make its produce soap feet separation from the precipitation in oil refining method.

4.6.2 continuous alkali refining continuous caustic refining, continuous alkali neutralization oil mixing, neutralization, soap, washing and dehydration process is carried out in continuous alkali refining method.

4.6.3 intermission alkali refining batch caustic refining, batch neutralization of continuous alkali refining method.

4.6.4 theoretical calculation of normal alkali quantity and theoretical alkali quantity required for neutralizing free fatty acids in oil.

In the process of oil refining, the part where the actual alkali used exceeds the theoretical alkali.

4.6.6 total alkali quantity also referred to as "actual consumption reduction". Oil alkali refining, the actual amount of alkali, that is, the sum of theoretical alkali and super alkali.

4.6.7 oil-alkali dosing machine, oil and alkali dosing machine is also called "oil-alkali dosing pump". Alkali refining, according to the flow of crude oil and acid value, in proportion to the supply of lye equipment.

Device for mixing two liquids evenly. There are pulp plate type, plate type, knife type and so on.

Centrifugal mixer a mixer that utilizes the action of inertial centrifugal force to mix liquids and simultaneously deliver them.

Paddle mixer a mixer fitted with triangular paddle stirrer wings on the central shaft of a rectangular paddle mixer.

4.6.11 disc mixer is also known as a "neutralizing mixer". The mixing chamber has a adjustable turntable, where oil and lye enter the mixing chamber and are agitated by the turntable, followed by a fully blended mixer.

4.6.12 blade mixer blade mixer is also known as "double mixer" and "wash mixer". The mixing chamber is a vertical cylinder with a mixer with a diamond cutter on its central axis.

4.6.13 washing method of washing away the suspended trace soap grains in the oil with water in the process of alkali refining.

Method for the removal of moisture in grease under negative pressure.

Vacuum signed cylindrical containers, devices for vacuum drying.

4.6.16 neutralization tank also known as "alkali refining tank", a refinery tank used for intermittent alkali refining.

A cylindrical vacuum container with a saucer cover and a conical bottom, used exclusively for washing and drying alkali refining.

4.6.18 the soapstock tank is used to treat the soapstock to recover neutral oil.

The crude oil rises as oil droplets from the base of the neutralization tower filled with dilute lye. Passing through the lye layer, the alkali refining method of neutralizing and deacidifying is achieved.

4.6.20 after re - refining smelting which is also called "secondary alkali refining. After a alkali refining oil, and then add a certain dilute lye alkali refining method.

4.7 decoloring some pigment in the bleaching to remove oil and alkali refining process failed to remove some residual material, improve the colour and lustre, improve the quality of the oil refining process.

4.7.1 adsorption decolorization adsorption bleaching with adsorption material, removing the grease of pigment.

4.7.2 adsorbent adsorbent adsorbing agent has strong selective adsorption material, commonly used natural bleaching earth, activated clay, activated carbon, etc.

4.7.3 decoloring bleaching tank with a stirring device airtight vacuum container, intermittent decoloring of oil equipment.

4.7.4 bleaching tower bleaching tower a airtight vacuum container, used for equipment for continuous bleaching of oils and fats.

A substance that can improve filtration efficiency of filtrate.

4.6.7 oil-alkali dosing machine, oil and alkali dosing machine is also called "oil-alkali dosing pump". Alkali refining, according to the flow of crude oil and acid value, in proportion to the supply of lye equipment.

Device for mixing two liquids evenly. There are pulp plate type, plate type, knife type and so on.

Centrifugal mixer a mixer that utilizes the action of inertial centrifugal force to mix liquids and simultaneously deliver them.

Paddle mixer a mixer fitted with triangular paddle stirrer wings on the central shaft of a rectangular paddle mixer.

4.6.11 disc mixer is also known as a "neutralizing mixer". The mixing chamber has a adjustable turntable, where oil and lye enter the mixing chamber and are agitated by the turntable, followed by a fully blended mixer.

4.6.12 blade mixer blade mixer is also known as "double mixer" and "wash mixer". The mixing chamber is a vertical cylinder with a mixer with a diamond cutter on its central axis.

4.6.13 washing method of washing away the suspended trace soap grains in the oil with water in the process of alkali refining.

Method for the removal of moisture in grease under negative pressure.

Vacuum signed cylindrical containers, devices for vacuum drying.

4.6.16 neutralization tank also known as "alkali refining tank", a refinery tank used for intermittent alkali refining.

A cylindrical vacuum container with a saucer cover and a conical bottom, used exclusively for washing and drying alkali refining.

4.6.18 the soapstock tank is used to treat the soapstock to recover neutral oil.

The crude oil rises as oil droplets from the base of the neutralization tower filled with dilute lye. Passing through the lye layer, the alkali refining method of neutralizing and deacidifying is achieved.

4.6.20 after re - refining smelting which is also called "secondary alkali refining. After a alkali refining oil, and then add a certain dilute lye alkali refining method.

4.7 decoloring some pigment in the bleaching to remove oil and alkali refining process failed to remove some residual material, improve the colour and lustre, improve the quality of the oil refining process.

4.7.1 adsorption decolorization adsorption bleaching with adsorption material, removing the grease of pigment.

4.7.2 adsorbent adsorbent adsorbing agent has strong selective adsorption material, commonly used natural bleaching earth, activated clay, activated carbon, etc.

4.7.3 decoloring bleaching tank with a stirring device airtight vacuum container, intermittent decoloring of oil equipment.

4.7.4 bleaching tower bleaching tower a airtight vacuum container, used for equipment for continuous bleaching of oils and fats.

A substance that can improve filtration efficiency of filtrate.

4.7.6 clay quantitative device bleaching earth dosing device can according to the requirements of the process, continuous quantitative device for the supply of adsorbent.

4.8 material of deodorization remove grease stink in the refining process.

4.8.1 steam distillation deodorization steaming deodorization water steam through oil containing odor components, vapor-liquid contact surface, the water vapor saturation by volatile odor components, and according to the ratio of the partial pressure escape out to remove oil smell.

4.8.2 intermittent deodorization batch deodorization the deodorization process is discontinuous, deodorization, cooling, filtering, general points several steps.

4.8.3 deodorization tank deodorizing tank under the negative pressure of high temperature oil deodorization cylindrical equipment.

4.8.4 continuous deodorization continuous deodorization the deodorization process, grease contact with stripping steam flow, continuous stripping of deodorization process.

Deaerator also known as deaerator. A container in which gases in grease are discharged.

4.8.6 continuous deodorization equipment continuous deodorization tower body to always stand cylindrical tower, tower overlap with several studios, grease from top to bottom to complete continuous deodorization process equipment.

Semi - continuous 4.8.7 semicontinuous deodorization equipment deodorizer is composed of several units work layer, oil is the continuous flow in and out of the end, the work interval is deodorization device.

A high-temperature gas produced by heating a mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl ether.

4.8.9 Dowtherm boiler, also known as "benzene heating furnace". A furnace in which biphenyl and diphenyl ethers are heated to produce gas.

4.8.10 oil heat conduction oil has high stability, non-toxic, tasteless, heat transfer medium oil.

4.8.11 the heat conducting oil furnace heats the heat conducting oil to a certain temperature, sends it to the heated body for heat transfer, and then comes back to the furnace for circulating heating.

The pump and the motor are of one whole structure. The pump body and rotor are in the same sealing device. It is a hot oil transfer pump that can effectively prevent air leakage during operation.

A vacuum pump that periodically completes suction and exhaust through reciprocating movement of the piston and is used when the vacuum degree is not required in operation.

Steam jet ejector vacuum pump is mainly composed of pump body and diffuser. The working steam shoots into the diffuser tube at a very high speed, so that the vacuum pump with negative pressure in the pump can obtain a higher vacuum degree.

The centrifugal pump pumps water into the pump and shoots at high speed from multiple nozzles to the focal point in the center of the diffuser, resulting in negative pressure inside the pump body. It is used for the case of low vacuum degree and low extraction volume.

4.9 dewaxing a refining process that removes wax and a small amount of solid fat from grease.

The oil was cooled by winterisation to condense the triglycerides with high melting point, and the solid fat was separated to obtain liquid oil.

4.9.2 crystallizing tank crystallizer for oil in the wax or solid fat provide preferential crystallization conditions of equipment.

4.9.3 crystal jar of maturing tank, maturator make wax or solid fat grain size increases.

A device used to separate wax crystals or solids.

A processin which refined oil is used as raw material to change the form and serviceability of oils through certain processes.

The process of double bond hydrogenation of oils and fats with catalysts and certain technological conditions.

5.1.1 hydrogenated oils and fats.

5.1.2 hydrogenated edible oil with a low degree of hydrogenation that meets edible requirements.

5.1.3 batch hydrogenation a method of batch hydrogenation of fats and oils in a hydrogenation reaction tank.

5.1.4 hydrogenation tank a device for the hydrogenation of grease using vertical steel cylinders with spherical or disc-shaped covers.

5.1.5 catalyst a substance that participates in a chemical reaction to accelerate the chemical reaction without altering the chemical equilibrium and whose chemical properties remain unchanged after the reaction.

A catalyst used to slow down chemical reactions.

5.1.7 the promoter adds substances to the catalyst that enhance its performance only to a certain extent.

5.1.8 catalyst poisoning catalyst pollution by impurities, catalytic activity decreased phenomenon.

5.1.9 catalyst dosing tank the catalyst dosing tank continuously and evenly distributes the powdered catalyst into the oil and blends it evenly with the tank equipment.

5.1.10 ratio of oil to hydrogen ratio the ratio of oil per ton of oil to the volume of hydrogen consumed per hour (Nm3).

The process of separating oil from hydrogen after hydrogenation.

5.1.12 post-treatment the process of refining hydrogenated oil without catalyst. (the reductive pigments produced during the hydrogenation process and the trace catalysts dissolved in oil are removed to remove free fatty acids.)

In hydrogenation, proper temperature, pressure, time, stirring speed and catalyst are used to make the hydrogenation reaction speed and molecular structure of oil selective.

5.1.14 deep hydrogenation a hydrogenation process that converts all unsaturated fatty acids in oil molecules into saturated fatty acids by hydrogenation under certain conditions.

5.2 the esterification esterification

5.2.1 interesterification the process of replacing fats with fats (alcohols or fatty acids) to produce new esters under appropriate conditions.

5.2.2 substitution of grease and alcohol in alcoholysis alcohols.

5.2.3 replacement reaction of oil and fatty acid in acidacidophilic acid acid ester.

The exchange of fatty acid ester groups between two or more fats in the transesterification ester.

5.2.5 random transesterification transesterification transesterification transesterification transesterification transesterification transesterification transesterification transesterification transesterification transesterification Equilibrium in a random distribution.

5.2.6 directed transesterification transesterification in which the reaction process of the mixture is repeated and develops in the same direction.

5.2.7 modification of the properties of oils and fats by acylester reaction.

5.3 oil hydrolysis hydrolization, hydrolysis of oils and fats in the presence of water conditions, broken down to generate fatty acids, single (double) glycerides and glycerin.

The Twichell process USES the Twichell catalyst to emulsify the oil and water and hydrolyze the oil.

5.3.2 the pressurized hydrolysis pressure steam hydrolysis oil stir in some kind of catalyst in autoclave using steam, complete decomposition process.

5.4 fractionation is the process of separating some components of natural fats or fatty acids with different physical and chemical properties.

5.4.1 crystallization mins crystallizing fractionation using freezing crystallization, the high melting point components separated from oils or fatty acids.

A solvent was used to facilitate the growth of lipid crystals and create favorable conditions for the separation of lipid crystals.

5.4.3 emulsification mins emulsification fractionation in the fat crystal precipitation to join aqueous surfactant solution points after emulsification method.

Extraction of lipids, fatty acids and esters with different solubility in solvents.

5.4.5 distillation mins distillation using the number of carbon atoms in different points with different fatty acid vapor pressure difference method.

5.4.6 fatty acid distilled fatty acid distillation of high purity was obtained from the mixed fatty acids fatty acid method.

Also 5.4.7 molecular distillation, molecular distillation in the residual pressure of 10 ~ 10 * * * * - 4-1 mmHg in the range of vacuum distillation.

Oils and fats are the physical chemical characteristics of oils and fats

Chemical characteristics of oils and fats

Also known as "acid value". The number of potassium hydroxide milligrams needed to neutralize the free fatty acids contained in 1g grease (sample) is one of the main indicators of grease quality.

The weight percentage of free fatty acids in the total amount of fats is expressed as FFA %.

6.1.3 neutralisation value is also called neutralisation value. Potassium hydroxide milligrams required to neutralize 1g of pure fatty acids can be used to calculate the average molecular weight of fatty acid mixtures.

6.1.4 saponification value The number of potassium hydroxide milligrams needed to saponify 1g of fat can be used to estimate the average molecular weight of fatty acid molecules in the fat.

Potassium hydroxide mg needed to saponify the ester in 1g fat, the difference between saponification value and acid value.

The value of iodine is also called "iodine value". The number of grams of iodine required for the addition of 100g of oil under specified conditions.

6.1.7 sulphur cyanogen value thiocyanic value 100 g fat under the effect of sulphur cyanogen, combined with the sulphur cyanogen converted to equivalent grams of iodine.

Acetylated samples are hydrolyzed to produce acetic acid. The amount of potassium hydroxide milligrams needed to neutralize the acetic acid can represent the content of hydroxyl acid in the oil.

Hydroxyl value the amount of potassium hydroxide milligrams needed to acetylate and hydrolyze 1g of oil to produce acetic acid and to neutralize the acetic acid.

6.1.10 peroxide value: the number of peroxide equivalent milligrams per 1000g of oil.

6.1.11 not saponification content of unsaponifiable matter content oil saponification substance in weight percent of the total. The percentage of the extract to the sample is called the percentage of the extract that is removed from the extract by a quantitative solvent (petroleum ether).

The reichert-meissl value and Polenske value are the milligrams of lye solution of 0.1n required to neutralized the water-soluble volatile fatty acids separated from 5g oil samples under specified conditions. Under the same conditions, the mg of 0.1n lye solution required to neutralize the water-insoluble volatile fatty acids separated from 5g oil sample is the polensk value.

The absorbance of the red product of a carbonyl compound reacting with 2· 4-phenylhydrazine in an alkaline solution at 440 m. Expressed as meq/kg.

Heating an oil sample of 50g in a 100ml beaker to 280 ° c, then observing whether there is any precipitate and the oil color depth, so as to determine whether the content of phospholipid in the oil conforms to the standard.

50g oil sample was placed in a covered vessel and heated in an oven at 63 ° c ±0.5 ° c. After a specified time, the odor peroxidation value and weight increase were checked. We know the stability of oxidation.

The time required to inflate the oil sample under tightly controlled conditions to a peroxide value of up to 100 mg equivalent of reactive oxygen species / 1000 g of fat.

6.1.17 oxidizing acid value oxidizing acid value under prescribed conditions, oil insoluble in ethane in the matter of sample weight percentage of the soluble in ethanol.

The value of 100 times the optical density of oil in a mixture of 100 mg of reagent and solvent (as specified) using a colorimetric tank of 1cm.

P- anisidine plus twice the peroxide value.

6.2 physical characteristies of oils and fats

6.2.1 the ratio of the weight of vegetable oils at 20℃ to the weight of distilled water at 4℃ for the same volume of water.

The ability of an oil to pass through light, as observed by a colorimetric tube, is denoted by "transparent", "turbid" and "turbid".

The colour of the oil itself. It mainly comes from the oil solubility in oil seeds, which is often detected by roverbon colorimeter in the world.

6.2.4 smell, taste, odour and taste grease inherent odor and taste, through the sensory evaluation. The ratio of the sine of the Angle of incidence of the ray to the Angle of refraction when the ray enters the sample from air.

6.2.6 melting point the temperature at which the fat melts from a solid to a liquid, that is, the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the solid phase and the liquid phase is equal.

6.2.7 freezing point the highest point of temperature rise caused by latent heat of dissolution when freezing point freezing point oil is frozen.

The SFI solid fat index is used to represent the ratio of solid fat in the oil at various temperatures, which is an indicator to determine the hardness of the oil.

6.2.9 penetration penetratipn with penetration instrument to test the hardness of solid lipid values.

6.2.10 freezing point of fatty acids obtained by saponification decomposition of titer oil sample.

6.2.11 cloud point refers to the temperature at which the oil sample becomes cloudy.

6.2.12 refrigeration test the oil sample is kept in a constant temperature of 0℃ for a certain time to observe its clarity. The qualified product is the one without turbidity or solid fat precipitation.

The sample of oil is heated to the temperature at which the smoke begins.

Flash-point the temperature at which the grease that begins to smoke is heated to the surface temperature at which a spark can ignite, but not continuously.

6.2.15 at burning point, the fire pint grease has reached a temperature at which it can be continuously burnt. Dissolvability test, dissolubitity test a method of observing whether a grease is dissolved in ethanol and glacial acetic acid.

Heating grease under specified conditions and using standard colorimeter to determine colorimeter.

Determine the time when the oil reaches curing and drying.

7. Technological production target

The percentage of the weight of filtered crude oil obtained by processing as a percentage of the weight of the raw material consumed. Oil weight

Oil yield (%) = ────── ── × 100

Consumed wool weight

7.2 the ratio of the oil yield effieiency to the crude oil content is converted into a percentage. spiral

Oil output efficiency (%) = ────── ──× 100

Oil content of wool

Percentage of cake(meal) weight of processed oil as a percentage of wool weight consumed.

Oil cake (meal) weight

Cake rate (%) = ─────── ─── × 100

Consumed wool weight

The percentage of residual oil in the cake (meal) weight after processing.

Weight of oil ester in cake

Dry cake oil residue rate (%)= ────────────── ────────────── ────────────── ────────────── ─

Cake weight ×[1- cake moisture %]

7.5 total oil loss total oil loss is also known as "total oil loss". Gross loss of oil content (%)= oil content (%)- oil yield (%).

7.6 refining yield refining yield of refined oil consumed by the weight of the filter oil percentage (%).

Refined weight

Refining rate (%) = ────── ─× 100

Filter gross oil weight

7.7 refined acid value than refining loss per the acid value of every hundred consumption of smelting and refining of oil refining, and the difference between the acid value of the ratio.

Oil refining consumption per 100 %

Acid price ratio = ────────── ────────── ──────

Crude oleic acid - refined oleic acid

7.8 refined oil consumption refining loss filter oil and refined oil weight difference and filter oil weight ratio of MAO, fold into a percentage.

Filtered gross oil weight - refined oil weight

Refining loss (%) = ───────────── ─────────× 100

Filtered gross oil weight = 1 - refining rate

The ratio of all impurities contained in wesson loss crude oil to the weight of crude oil is folded into a percentage.

The standard kilogram of coal consumed in processing one ton of wool or refining one ton of crude oil. Standard coal consumption (kg)

Coal consumption (kg/ton or tons of hair oil) = ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─

Wool (or oil) weight (ton)

The power used to process a ton of wool or refine a ton of crude oil.

Power consumption (degree)

Power consumption (c/t or tons of hair oil) = ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─

Wool (or oil) weight (ton)

Kilograms of steam consumed to process one ton of wool or refine one ton of crude oil. Steam consumption (kg)

Steam consumption (kg/ton or tons of hair oil) = ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─

Wool (or oil) weight (ton)

The tonnage of water consumed in processing a ton of wool or refining a ton of crude oil.

Water consumption (kg)

Water consumption (t/t or hair oil) = ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─

Wool (or oil) weight (ton)

Kilograms of solvent lost in leaching one ton of crude oil (prepressed cake).

Solvent loss weight (kg)

The solvent loss (kg/ton or tons of cake) = ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─

Wool (or prepressed cake) weight (ton)

The number of kilograms of rice bran obtained from processing per 100 kg of rice to filter rice bran oil.

Filtered rice bran oil weight (kg)

Oil-rice ratio = ────────── ──────× 100

Rice weight (kg)

The amount of hydrogen consumed in Nm**3 per ton of oil reduced by one iodine price.

Residual solvent content in oil (meal) mg/kg of refined oil (meal)